Can You Overdose on Meth? Signs, Symptoms, and What To Do

Meth is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance because of its high likelihood for abuse, but some legal prescription forms do exist.[2] The crystal form of meth, which is most often used recreationally, is considerably more potent than prescription forms and carries health risks every time it is used.

Over the past several years, the number of people who use methamphetamine and die as a result of a meth overdose has increased dramatically. This is largely due to the increased presence of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid that is many times more potent than heroin, in the illegal drug supply.[3] Many people who use meth do not know their supply has been contaminated with fentanyl, adding another risk to an already significantly dangerous substance.

Can You Overdose on Meth?

Yes, you can overdose on methamphetamine. A meth overdose occurs when the body takes in more methamphetamine than it can safely process, creating toxic effects that can result in permanent damage, including organ failure or death. Unlike an opioid overdose, where the primary danger is respiratory depression, a meth overdose primarily affects the cardiovascular and neurological systems.[4]

Because meth overdose creates a state of extreme overstimulation in the body, heart rate increases significantly, blood pressure rises, and body temperature can reach potentially lethal levels. All of these symptoms can cause a heart attack, stroke, or permanent organ failure even in otherwise healthy people.[5] An overdose can occur after a person’s very first use or after years of using. There is no safe amount of methamphetamine, and people sometimes have a false sense of security about their tolerance from having used it for a long time.

Signs of a Meth Overdose

Recognizing the signs of a meth overdose can be the difference between life and death. The signs may differ for each person depending on the amount used, the other drugs involved, and the person’s general health. Common signs of meth overdose include:

• Chest pain or tightness
• Extremely high blood pressure
• Rapid or irregular heart rate
• Elevated body temperature (hyperthermia)
• Shortness of breath
• Extreme agitation or panic
• Confusion or disorientation
• Seizures
• Loss of consciousness
• Stroke symptoms such as sudden numbness, sudden loss of ability to speak, or changes in vision

Psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thoughts or speech, may also occur during a meth overdose or during heavy use. When someone is having a psychotic episode while under the influence of meth, they may appear paranoid, agitated, or completely out of touch with reality. This can make it more difficult for others to recognize that a medical emergency is taking place.

If any of these signs or symptoms are present after using meth, treat the situation as a medical emergency.

What To Do During a Meth Overdose

In the case that you do encounter a meth overdose, taking the following steps can save a life:

1. Call 911. Do not wait if someone has overdosed on meth. The cardiovascular and neurological complications can worsen quickly and require immediate medical attention. Don’t let fear of getting in trouble stop you from calling; many states have Good Samaritan laws that provide limited legal immunity for those who assist someone during an overdose.
2. Stay with the person. Do not leave someone alone who may have overdosed. If they are unconscious but breathing, lay them on their side to prevent choking. If they stop breathing, perform CPR if you know how.
3. Tell emergency responders what was taken. If you know the drug or drugs involved, the amount, and the time of the last dose, share that information with emergency responders. It will help them determine a treatment plan. If there is any chance that fentanyl or another opioid was involved, let them know this information as well, because naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal medication, can save a life. It’s important to note, however, that while naloxone helps reverse opioid overdoses, it will not counteract the stimulant effects of meth.
4. Do not try to restrain the person. If someone is having a seizure, move any hard or sharp objects away from them, but do not hold them still. Try to time the seizure if possible and report how long it lasted to emergency responders.
5. Do not give food, drink, or anything else. Do not give the person anything by mouth, and do not try to cool them down by pouring water or ice on them, as it may put them into shock.

Once emergency responders arrive, they will determine the best course of treatment, which may include medications to control heart rate and blood pressure, cooling measures for elevated body temperature, and supportive care in the emergency room.

The Role of Fentanyl in Meth Overdoses

One of the most dangerous public health trends in recent years is the contamination of the illicit meth supply with fentanyl.[6] Fentanyl is tasteless and odorless and only requires a very small amount to cause an overdose, so most people using meth will not know they are also taking fentanyl. The combination of a stimulant like meth and a potent opioid like fentanyl can produce unpredictable and potentially fatal effects.

If there is any indication that fentanyl may be involved in a meth overdose, naloxone should be administered as quickly as possible. Naloxone is available over the counter at most pharmacies and is carried by the majority of emergency responders.

Finding Treatment for Meth Addiction

Methamphetamine addiction, formally classified as a stimulant use disorder, is defined by the compulsion of the user to obtain meth regardless of the consequences. The effects of meth on the brain’s natural reward system make it very difficult to stop using meth without professional assistance.

There is currently no FDA-approved medication specifically for meth addiction, but effective treatment options do exist.

At Ikon Recovery, we offer a full continuum of care for anyone struggling with meth addiction, including partial care programs, intensive outpatient (IOP) services, and ongoing support designed to set each of our clients up for long-term success. If you or someone you care about needs help, reaching out is the first and most important step.